Townships are a product of Michigan's early history. Michigan is one of 20 states that currently has some form of township government. There are 1242 townships in Michigan.
Madison Township was organized March 7, 1834 and became a Charter Township in 1980. Madison Township is located in the southern part of Lenawee County.
The township is comprised of a total of 30.9 square miles of which 30.7 square miles of it is land and 0.2 is water.